computer generations

cherry tamizha(YouTube channel) 𝘿𝙚𝙛𝙞𝙣𝙚 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙪𝙩𝙚𝙧? 

              A computer is a electronic device that  Information and data. It is the ability to store, retrieve, and data Process data. 

A computer is faster than human being. 

There are 6 generation computer

*Frist generation

*Second generation

*Third generation

*Fourth generation

*Fifth generation

*sixth generation. 

1.𝙁𝙧𝙞𝙨𝙩 𝙜𝙚𝙣𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣. (𝙫𝙖𝙘𝙪𝙪𝙢 𝙩𝙪𝙗𝙚) 

The frist generation computer was from 1946-1959The period of first generation was from 1946-1959. The computers of first generation used vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry for CPU (Central Processing Unit). These tubes, like electric bulbs, produced a lot of  and the installations used to fuse frequently. Therefore, they were very expensive and only large organizations were able to afford it.

𝙈𝙖𝙞𝙣 𝙛𝙪𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚 𝙤𝙛 𝙛𝙧𝙞𝙨𝙩 𝙜𝙚𝙣𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙤𝙛 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙪𝙩𝙚𝙧. 

1.𝘽𝙞𝙜 𝙞𝙣 𝙨𝙞𝙯𝙚

2.𝘾𝙤𝙣𝙨𝙪𝙢𝙚𝙙 𝙖 𝙡𝙤𝙩 𝙤𝙛 𝙚𝙡𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙧𝙞𝙘. 

3.𝙈𝙖𝙘𝙝𝙞𝙣𝙚 𝙡𝙖𝙣𝙜𝙪𝙖𝙜𝙚 𝙬𝙖𝙨 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙙

4.𝙑𝙚𝙧𝙮 𝙘𝙤𝙨𝙩𝙡𝙮. 

5.𝙉𝙚𝙚𝙙 𝙤𝙛 𝘼𝘾

6.𝙉𝙤𝙣 𝙥𝙤𝙧𝙩𝙖𝙗𝙡𝙚. 

2.𝙎𝙚𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙙 𝙜𝙚𝙣𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣. (𝙏𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙨𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙤𝙧𝙨) 

𝘼 𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙨𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙤𝙧 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙪𝙩𝙚𝙧, 𝙣𝙤𝙬 𝙤𝙛𝙩𝙚𝙣 𝙘𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙚𝙙 𝙖 𝙨𝙚𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙙 𝙜𝙚𝙣𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙪𝙩𝙚𝙧,[1] 𝙞𝙨 𝙖 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙪𝙩𝙚𝙧 𝙬𝙝𝙞𝙘𝙝 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙨 𝙙𝙞𝙨𝙘𝙧𝙚𝙩𝙚 𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙨𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙤𝙧𝙨 𝙞𝙣𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙖𝙙 𝙤𝙛 𝙫𝙖𝙘𝙪𝙪𝙢 𝙩𝙪𝙗𝙚𝙨. 𝙏𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙞𝙧𝙨𝙩 𝙜𝙚𝙣𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙤𝙛 𝙚𝙡𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙧𝙤𝙣𝙞𝙘 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙪𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙫𝙖𝙘𝙪𝙪𝙢 𝙩𝙪𝙗𝙚𝙨, 𝙬𝙝𝙞𝙘𝙝 𝙜𝙚𝙣𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙡𝙖𝙧𝙜𝙚 𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙣𝙩𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙝𝙚𝙖𝙩, 𝙬𝙚𝙧𝙚 𝙗𝙪𝙡𝙠𝙮 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙪𝙣𝙧𝙚𝙡𝙞𝙖𝙗𝙡𝙚. 𝘼 𝙨𝙚𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙙 𝙜𝙚𝙣𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙤𝙛 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙪𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙨, 𝙩𝙝𝙧𝙤𝙪𝙜𝙝 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙡𝙖𝙩𝙚 1950𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 1960𝙨 𝙛𝙚𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚𝙙 𝙘𝙞𝙧𝙘𝙪𝙞𝙩 𝙗𝙤𝙖𝙧𝙙𝙨 𝙛𝙞𝙡𝙡𝙚𝙙 𝙬𝙞𝙩𝙝 𝙞𝙣𝙙𝙞𝙫𝙞𝙙𝙪𝙖𝙡 𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙨𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙤𝙧𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙢𝙖𝙜𝙣𝙚𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙘𝙤𝙧𝙚 𝙢𝙚𝙢𝙤𝙧𝙮. 𝙏𝙝𝙚𝙨𝙚 𝙢𝙖𝙘𝙝𝙞𝙣𝙚𝙨 𝙧𝙚𝙢𝙖𝙞𝙣𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙢𝙖𝙞𝙣𝙨𝙩𝙧𝙚𝙖𝙢 𝙙𝙚𝙨𝙞𝙜𝙣 𝙞𝙣𝙩𝙤 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙡𝙖𝙩𝙚 1960𝙨, 𝙬𝙝𝙚𝙣 𝙞𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙘𝙞𝙧𝙘𝙪𝙞𝙩𝙨 𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙖𝙥𝙥𝙚𝙖𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙡𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙤 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙩𝙝𝙞𝙧𝙙 𝙜𝙚𝙣𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙪𝙩𝙚𝙧.

1.Use of transistors

Reliable in comparison to first 2.generation computers

Smaller size as compared to first 3.generation computers

Generated less heat as compared to first generation computers

4.Consumed less electricity as compared to first generation computers

5.Faster than first generation computers

6.Still very costly

7.AC required

3.Thrid generation (Integrated circuit) (IC)

 

The period of third generation was from 1965-1971. The computers of third generation used Integrated Circuits (ICs) in place of transistors. A single IC has many transistors, resistors, and capacitors along with the associated circuitry.

The IC was invented by Jack Kilby. This development made computers smaller in size, reliable, and efficient. In this generation remote processing, time-sharing, multiprogramming operating system were used. High-level languages (FORTRAN-II TO IV, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1, BASIC, ALGOL-68 etc.) were used during this generation.

The main further of Thrid generation. 

1.smaller in size

2.Faster

3.costly

4.AC requirement

5.Consumed less power

6.high level language was support. 

4.Fourth generation (Microprocessor) 

Very large integrated circuit(VLIC) 

The period of fourth generation was from 1971-1980. Computers of fourth generation used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits. VLSI circuits having about 5000 transistors and other circuit elements with their associated circuits on a single chip made it possible to have microcomputers of fourth generation.

Fourth generation computers became more powerful, compact, reliable, and affordable. As a result, it gave rise to Personal Computer (PC) revolution. In this generation, time sharing, real time networks, distributed operating system were used. All the high-level languages like C, C++, DBASE etc., were used in this generation.

Main futher of fourth generation

1.smaller and faster

2.microcomputer Series Such as IBM, Apple were developed. 

3.Protable computer were Introduced. 

4.No Ac required. 

5.VLSI technology used

6.Very cheap

5.Fifth generation (Ultra large integration scale) (ULIS) 

The Fifth Generation Computer Systems (FGCS) was an initiative by Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), begun in 1982, to create computers using massively parallel computing and logic programming. It was to be the result of a massive government/industry research project in Japan during the 1980s. It aimed to create an "epoch-making computer" with supercomputer-like performance and to provide a platform for future developments in artificial intelligence. There was also an unrelated Russian project also named as a fifth-generation computer (see Kronos (computer)).

Prof. Ehud Shapiro, in his "Trip Report" paper[1] (which focused the FGCS project on concurrent logic programming as the software foundation for the project), captured the rationale and motivations driving this huge project:The term "fifth generation" was intended to convey the system as being a leap beyond existing machines. In the history of computing hardware, computers using vacuum tubes were called the first generation; transistors and diodes, the second; integrated circuits, the third; and those using microprocessors, the fourth. Whereas previous computer generations had focused on increasing the number of logic elements in a single CPU, the fifth generation, it was widely believed at the time, would instead turn to massive numbers of CPUs for added performance.

The project was to create the computer over a ten-year period, after which it was considered ended and investment in a new "sixth generation" project would begin. Opinions about its outcome are divided: either it was a failure, or it was ahead of its time.

Main features of fifth generation

1.Parallel processing. 

2.Super conductors. 

3.Introduction artificial intelligence and  System. 

4.Can recognize image and graphic. 

5.Robotics

6.Neural Networks

Game Playing. 

6.sixth generation.(in future)